KN-93 is a methoxybenzenesulfonamide that is an effective inhibitor of CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) phosphorylating activity, and the autophosphorylation of the α- and β-subunits of CaMKII. In PC-12h cells, KN-93 has been shown to decrease phosphorylation of KCl and acetylcholine. Data suggests that KN-93 modulates the reaction rate of TH by reducing the Ca2+ mediated phosphorylation levels of TH and inhibiting dopamine formation. In rat pancreatic beta cell studies, KN-93 was shown to block insulin release, and in prostrate cancer research, KN-93 inhibited androgen receptor function and enhanced cell death independent of p53 and Akt. Research indicates that KN-93 induces G1 cell cycle arrest in both HeLa (sc-2200) and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells (sc-2210), and causes apoptosis in NIH 3T3 cells.